The caste system in India, a deeply ingrained social hierarchy, has evolved over millennia, shaping the socio-economic and cultural landscape of the country. This paper examines the historical origins, structural components, and enduring impacts of the caste system on Indian society. It explores how religious texts, social practices, and legal frameworks have influenced its persistence, contributing to social stratification, educational disparities, and health inequalities. Critically analyzing modern perspectives and social reform movements, the paper discusses ongoing challenges and debates surrounding caste discrimination. Ultimately, it underscores the need for continued efforts towards achieving social justice and equality in contemporary India.

Caste system, India, social stratification, inequality, social reform, discrimination, cultural heritage, socio-economic impact, religious texts, social mobility