Bronchopulmonary pathology occupies a significant place in the structure of childhood morbidity. In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the proportion of recurrent and chronic respiratory diseases in children, which often continue into adulthood and are the cause of disability and disability. At the same time, there is an increase in the frequency of severe chronic forms of lung diseases in children, leading to disability already in childhood. The relevance of the problem of inflammatory lung pathology in children is due to the prevalence of the disease, the high mortality rate, and the high economic costs associated with the treatment of patients. The study of scientific literature data made it possible to establish the presence of many links in the protective reaction of the lungs in response to exposure and in various types of pathology. The most significant of them are the genetic mechanisms of development, the state of mucociliary clearance and immune structures, as well as the reaction of endocrinocytes to inflammatory processes in the respiratory system. The formation of these protective structures in the lungs will make it possible to reveal their significance in early postnatal ontogenesis.

Lungs, chronic lung diseases, children, endocrinocytes.