Research Article | Open Access
Innovativeness Moderates the Relationship Between the Need for Achievement, Entrepreneurial Education with Entrepreneurial Intentions
Faisal Khan, Junaid Ahmad, Hamid Ali2 , Nangyalay Khan, Prof. Dr. Arab Naz
Pages: 303-317
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is considered one of the key drivers of economic growth and
development in many countries, and several factors have been identified to influence
Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI). This study examines the relationship between Need for
Achievement (NOA), Entrepreneurial Education (EE), and EI in predicting Innovativeness (INN)
among University students. The quantitative approach is used by cross-sectional research design
to collect data to validate the model. Data were collected from the 282 final-year students enrolled
in the 2021-22 academic session. A questionnaire-based survey was further analyzed using
Structural Equation Modeling and multiple regression analysis. The finding shows that the NOA,
EE and INN positively correlate with the student's EI. The results of multiple regression analysis
showed that both NOA and EE had a positive and significant effect on EI. Additionally, INN was
found to mediate the relationship between EI and both NOA and EE. The study also revealed that
INN moderates the relationship between NOA, EE and EI. The theoretical basis for the current
study used Human Capital Theory. As an impact to policy, the government should ensure not only
students' inspiration with EE and NOA but also the vigorous spirit of INN among University
students as it directly and strongly interacts with EE in influencing the EI of the University
students. These findings suggest that aspiring entrepreneurs with high NOA and exposure to EE
are more likely to have higher EI and innovative capabilities. Moreover, the study recommends
investigating the Personality factors as a moderating variable between EI and their determinants.
It highlights the importance of providing educational programs that promote innovation among
University students. The study provides practical implications for policymakers, educators and
entrepreneurs seeking to enhance their innovative capabilities.
Keywords
Need for Achievement; Entrepreneurial Education; Innovativeness; Entrepreneurial Intentions; Human Capital Theory; Students