This paper provides a comprehensive review of contemporary perspectives on leadership styles and their impact on organizational performance. Drawing on a synthesis of existing research published between 2012 and 2018, the paper examines traditional and contemporary leadership styles, including autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, transformational, transactional, servant, authentic, and adaptive leadership. The paper discusses the definitions, key characteristics, and implications of each leadership style for organizational performance. Additionally, the paper explores factors influencing organizational performance, such as leadership, organizational culture, resources, technology, and the external environment. Through an analysis of empirical studies and theoretical frameworks, the paper highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing contemporary leadership styles and their potential benefits for organizational performance. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of leadership in shaping organizational outcomes and offer insights for scholars, practitioners, and organizational leaders seeking to enhance leadership effectiveness and drive sustainable performance.

Leadership styles, organizational performance, traditional leadership, contemporary leadership, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, adaptive leadership, factors influencing organizational performance, challenges, opportunities.