Background: Anemia is a major public health issue in both developing and developed countries, having serious implications for human health and social and economic development. Aim: the study aimedto determine the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescence. Material and methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted among the patients admitted to the Gafaar Ibnouf pediatric hospital in Khartoum state during a period of two years, using a non-random sampling technique. Every case file was revised and selected based on the study criteria. Structured checklist was designed to collect the required information from the patients' medical records.Ethical approval was obtained prior to access the patients records. The data was analyzed by computer program (SPSS) version 20 and presented in table format and figures. Results:The study included 336 participants, of whom 186 (55.4%) were males and 150 (45.6%) were females. The majority of them, 127 (37.86%), were in the age group of 8–10 years, and the least of them, 32 (9.5%), were under 5 years. The prevalence of anemia was 70.5%,which was high among males. Sickle cell disease has a higher prevalence (42.9%) than the othersanemia, followed by (10.0%) thalethemia, (7.7%) aplastic anemia, and Fanconi (6.3%). While iron deficiency and hemolytic anemia had the same prevalence, vitamin B12 deficiency had a low of 0.6%. Conclusion: Anemia is high prevalent among children in Sudan and requires urgent attention. The higher prevalence of sickle cell anemia, as noticed in the present study, A combination of nutritional supplementation and food fortification programs to reduce anemia and its burdens is highly recommended.

Anemia, Adolescence,Children,Prevalence, Sudan