Over the course of the previous few millennia, human societies have often remade their subsistence niches by adjusting both their food-gathering practices and their surrounding environments. According to this idea, the body has a limited quantity of energy, and that energy must be divided amongst its most fundamental needs. Allocating resources in a way that increases fitness over time is favored by natural selection, regardless of environmental or temporal constraints. As a consequence of this hybrid new ecological niche, we propose that energy was redirected from growth and maintenance to defenseand reproduction. We talk about the evidence that supports this idea and where further study is required to learn more about the early stages of agriculture and the role of heterogeneity in that process. Our approach, if applied to other instances of human subsistence niche alteration, may provide light on a wide range of problems, including the effects of globalization and dietary transition on health, height, life expectancy, and reproductive trends. As early as 9000 BCE, Indians had already been cultivating plants and domesticating animals. Shortly afterwards, tools and techniques for agriculture developed, ushering in a time of more permanent settlements.

life history theory, origins of agriculture, population growth, niche construction, nutrition transition.