Abstract
The intersection of law and religion poses enduring challenges for modern societies striving to balance secular governance with the protection of religious freedoms. This paper examines the historical evolution, theoretical perspectives, and contemporary issues surrounding this complex relationship. It explores diverse secular state models, theories of religious freedom, and factors influencing legal interpretations. Challenges including conflicting rights and interpretative issues in legal doctrine are analyzed, alongside emerging trends and policy recommendations to foster inclusive approaches to religious rights. By navigating these complexities, policymakers can enhance social cohesion while upholding constitutional guarantees of religious freedom in diverse, multicultural contexts.
