Agroecology is a method that uses ecological principles and strategic planning to increase soil fertility and agricultural output over the long term. The goal of this plan is to broaden the pool of suitable agriculture sites. Natural resource systems benefit from the addition of legumes, trees, and animals by boosting biodiversity, nutrient cycling, biomass output, and economic expansion. All of these elements strengthen the agricultural sector, which in turn benefits national food security and social harmony. As a result of advancements in agroecology, formerly disadvantaged places are now able to produce food that meets both human and commercial standards. Prioritizing biodiversity protection, ecological function improvement, social tolerance, individual agency, fair treatment of others, and improved quality of life is essential for sustaining a productive agricultural system. The relevance of regional food and ecological security informs the critical assessment of agricultural sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to outline the conditions necessary for successful farming and to examine the results and potential future of agro-ecology for agriculture in India. In this chapter, we use data from the ongoing Indian UNEP-GEF project "Mainstreaming agricultural biodiversity conservation and utilization in agricultural sector to ensure ecosystem services and reduce vulnerability" to assess the current state of India's traditional farming agroecosystems.

Agroecology; Sustainability; Agriculture; Agroecosystem; Prospects: traditional Indian agro ecosystems