Toponymy, also known as "the science of place names" or "geographical nomenclature" or "the science of geographic names" or "the science of geographic labels" or "toponymics," which is referred to in French as "La Toponymie". All these appellations denote one concept that carries multiple meanings focusing on researching place names, attempting to explain their emergence and disappearance within their geographical and historical context, and the evolution of their meanings.

Toponymy, Arabization, Westernization.